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	<title>Comments on: How many Boggle boards are there?</title>
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		<title>By: Xyfsfnxj</title>
		<link>http://www.danvk.org/wp/2007-08-02/how-many-boggle-boards-are-there/comment-page-1/#comment-109539</link>
		<dc:creator>Xyfsfnxj</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 25 Sep 2011 04:40:48 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>By: Ulaxypoc</title>
		<link>http://www.danvk.org/wp/2007-08-02/how-many-boggle-boards-are-there/comment-page-1/#comment-109522</link>
		<dc:creator>Ulaxypoc</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 25 Sep 2011 03:09:50 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>By: Paspgmod</title>
		<link>http://www.danvk.org/wp/2007-08-02/how-many-boggle-boards-are-there/comment-page-1/#comment-109501</link>
		<dc:creator>Paspgmod</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 25 Sep 2011 01:42:14 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>By: John</title>
		<link>http://www.danvk.org/wp/2007-08-02/how-many-boggle-boards-are-there/comment-page-1/#comment-37394</link>
		<dc:creator>John</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Sep 2010 22:04:37 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Nathan&#039;s comment has a couple errors...

When you have:

Total Boards = (20^0 * 6^16) + (20^1 * 6^15) + … + (20^16 + 6^0)

It should be:

Total Boards = (20 choose 0)(20^0 * 6^16) + (20 choose 1)(20^1 * 6^15) + (20 choose 2)(20^2 * 6^14) … + (20 choose 20)(20^16 + 6^0)

since you need to CHOOSE which of the &quot;n&quot; spots you put your &quot;n&quot; consonants. The total is actually a lot higher.

Also, the eight-fold symmetry comes from reflection, since reflected boards have the same score.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nathan&#8217;s comment has a couple errors&#8230;</p>
<p>When you have:</p>
<p>Total Boards = (20^0 * 6^16) + (20^1 * 6^15) + … + (20^16 + 6^0)</p>
<p>It should be:</p>
<p>Total Boards = (20 choose 0)(20^0 * 6^16) + (20 choose 1)(20^1 * 6^15) + (20 choose 2)(20^2 * 6^14) … + (20 choose 20)(20^16 + 6^0)</p>
<p>since you need to CHOOSE which of the &#8220;n&#8221; spots you put your &#8220;n&#8221; consonants. The total is actually a lot higher.</p>
<p>Also, the eight-fold symmetry comes from reflection, since reflected boards have the same score.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: Periarinc</title>
		<link>http://www.danvk.org/wp/2007-08-02/how-many-boggle-boards-are-there/comment-page-1/#comment-26437</link>
		<dc:creator>Periarinc</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Nov 2009 06:26:34 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>By: danvk.org &#187; Solving Boggle by Taking Option Three</title>
		<link>http://www.danvk.org/wp/2007-08-02/how-many-boggle-boards-are-there/comment-page-1/#comment-23369</link>
		<dc:creator>danvk.org &#187; Solving Boggle by Taking Option Three</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 05 Aug 2009 01:19:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.danvk.org/wp/?p=195#comment-23369</guid>
		<description>[...] board, we&#8217;d need to show that every other board scores fewer points. In a previous post, I estimated that there were 2^69 possible boggle boards. At 10,000 boards/second, this would take 1.9 billion [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] board, we&#8217;d need to show that every other board scores fewer points. In a previous post, I estimated that there were 2^69 possible boggle boards. At 10,000 boards/second, this would take 1.9 billion [...]</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: Nathan Buch</title>
		<link>http://www.danvk.org/wp/2007-08-02/how-many-boggle-boards-are-there/comment-page-1/#comment-17059</link>
		<dc:creator>Nathan Buch</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 08 Feb 2009 20:10:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.danvk.org/wp/?p=195#comment-17059</guid>
		<description>I had a couple thoughts about finding the upper limit of boggle boards.  Please let me know if there&#039;s something wrong with this line of thinking!

You could divide the alphabet into 20 consonants and 6 vowels, and for a 4x4 board the total number of possibilities would be the sum of every combination of consonants and vowels, namely:

Total Boards = (20^0 * 6^16) + (20^1 * 6^15) + ... + (20^16 + 6^0)

Of course, in English every word must have at least one vowel, so the last term drops out since it represents the all-consonant boards.  Therefore, the total is:

Total Boards = 2.8 x 10^20 ~ e^47

At 10,000 boards/second, that would still take almost 900 million years to evaluate.  However, at this point one could employ a couple heuristics.  For example, by examining the frequency distribution of letters in the English language, it is reasonable to assume that the letters J, X, Q, and Z will not be part of the best Boggle board.  If those letters are excluded, then the number of consonants falls to 16, and the new number of boards decreases by a factor of 25, to 1.1 x 10^19 boards (35 million years).

From here, one could go a step further, and remove B, V, and K from the running, to decrease the total to 5.7 x 10^17 boards (1.8 million years).  Or, one could examine the letter frequencies again and surmise that the best Boggle board will in all likelihood contain an E.  If one E is guaranteed, the total boards changes to:

Total Boards = (20^0 * 6^15) + (20^1 * 6^14) + ... + (20^14 + 6^1)

Or, 5.1 x 10^19 (162 million years)

With one E guaranteed and J, X, Q, Z removed, you would have 6.9 x 10^17 boards (2.2 million years), and with one E guaranteed and J, X, Q, Z, B, V and K removed, you would have 4.4 x 10^16 boards (139,000 years).

Of course, rotating a Boggle board 90 degrees will produce a different board with the same score, so by symmetry you could divide all of these totals by 4 (I saw in your posts that you found eight-fold symmetry - how is that?).

Removing or guaranteeing certain letters is pretty unscientific, but taking about a Z or putting in an E is also pretty reasonable.  I guess it depends on how thorough one wants to be.  Also, even with the most &#039;flexibility&#039; employed (one E, no J, X, Q, Z, B, V or K, and four-fold symmetry), the solution would still take about 35,000 years to solve.  But I imagine that&#039;s a bit more palatable than 2 billion years.

 - Nathan</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I had a couple thoughts about finding the upper limit of boggle boards.  Please let me know if there&#8217;s something wrong with this line of thinking!</p>
<p>You could divide the alphabet into 20 consonants and 6 vowels, and for a 4&#215;4 board the total number of possibilities would be the sum of every combination of consonants and vowels, namely:</p>
<p>Total Boards = (20^0 * 6^16) + (20^1 * 6^15) + &#8230; + (20^16 + 6^0)</p>
<p>Of course, in English every word must have at least one vowel, so the last term drops out since it represents the all-consonant boards.  Therefore, the total is:</p>
<p>Total Boards = 2.8 x 10^20 ~ e^47</p>
<p>At 10,000 boards/second, that would still take almost 900 million years to evaluate.  However, at this point one could employ a couple heuristics.  For example, by examining the frequency distribution of letters in the English language, it is reasonable to assume that the letters J, X, Q, and Z will not be part of the best Boggle board.  If those letters are excluded, then the number of consonants falls to 16, and the new number of boards decreases by a factor of 25, to 1.1 x 10^19 boards (35 million years).</p>
<p>From here, one could go a step further, and remove B, V, and K from the running, to decrease the total to 5.7 x 10^17 boards (1.8 million years).  Or, one could examine the letter frequencies again and surmise that the best Boggle board will in all likelihood contain an E.  If one E is guaranteed, the total boards changes to:</p>
<p>Total Boards = (20^0 * 6^15) + (20^1 * 6^14) + &#8230; + (20^14 + 6^1)</p>
<p>Or, 5.1 x 10^19 (162 million years)</p>
<p>With one E guaranteed and J, X, Q, Z removed, you would have 6.9 x 10^17 boards (2.2 million years), and with one E guaranteed and J, X, Q, Z, B, V and K removed, you would have 4.4 x 10^16 boards (139,000 years).</p>
<p>Of course, rotating a Boggle board 90 degrees will produce a different board with the same score, so by symmetry you could divide all of these totals by 4 (I saw in your posts that you found eight-fold symmetry &#8211; how is that?).</p>
<p>Removing or guaranteeing certain letters is pretty unscientific, but taking about a Z or putting in an E is also pretty reasonable.  I guess it depends on how thorough one wants to be.  Also, even with the most &#8216;flexibility&#8217; employed (one E, no J, X, Q, Z, B, V or K, and four-fold symmetry), the solution would still take about 35,000 years to solve.  But I imagine that&#8217;s a bit more palatable than 2 billion years.</p>
<p> &#8211; Nathan</p>
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		<title>By: attismist</title>
		<link>http://www.danvk.org/wp/2007-08-02/how-many-boggle-boards-are-there/comment-page-1/#comment-16508</link>
		<dc:creator>attismist</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Jan 2009 22:01:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.danvk.org/wp/?p=195#comment-16508</guid>
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